Orthodox file managers (OFMs) are dual-pane, keyboard-first file managers modeled on 1986’s Norton Commander. They present two directory panels side-by-side and map common actions to the F-keys (F1–F10) for rapid copy, move, view, edit, and delete operations. Popular examples include Midnight Commander (Linux/Unix), Total Commander and Far Manager (Windows), Double Commander (cross-platform), and Krusader (KDE). OFMs typically treat archives and remote resources as virtual directories and support plug-ins, internal viewers, and editors. Their shared layout and shortcuts let power users move between implementations almost seamlessly.